What loss does the transformer have during operation？
When the primary winding of the transformer is energized, the magnetic flux generated by the coil flows in the iron core, because the iron core itself is also a conductor, in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic force line will induction potential, this potential in the cross section of the iron core to form a closed loop and generate current, like p a vortex so called "vortex". This "eddy current" increases the loss of the transformer and increases the temperature rise of the transformer's iron core. The loss caused by "eddy current" is called "iron loss". In addition, to wind the transformer needs to use a large number of copper wires, these copper wires have resistance, when the current flows through this resistance will consume a certain amount of power, this part of the loss often becomes heat and consumption, we call this loss "copper loss".
Therefore, the temperature rise of the transformer is mainly caused by iron loss and copper loss. Because the transformer has iron loss and copper loss, its output power is always less than the input power, so we introduce an efficiency parameter to describe this, η= output power/input power. Edit this paragraph Winding materials To wind a transformer we must have a certain understanding of the materials related to transformers, so here I will introduce this knowledge. 1. The core material used in the transformer is that the addition of silicon to the iron sheet can reduce the electrical conductivity of the steel sheet and increase the resistivity, which can reduce the eddy current and reduce its loss. The quality of the silicon steel sheet used in the transformer has a great relationship with the quality of the silicon steel sheet, the quality of the silicon steel sheet is usually expressed by the magnetic flux density B, the general black iron sheet B value is 6000-8000, the low silicon sheet is 9000-11000, the high silicon sheet is 1000-16000, 2. Winding transformer usually used materials enamelled wire, gauze wire, silk wire paper wire, the most commonly used enamelled wire.
The requirements for the wire are good conductive performance, sufficient heat resistance of the insulating paint layer, and certain corrosion resistance. Generally use QZ type of high strength polyester enamelled wire. 3. Insulation materials In the winding transformer, the isolation between the coil frame layers and the isolation between the winding should use insulating materials, and the general transformer frame materials can be made of phenolic cardboard, epoxy board, or cardboard. The interlayer can be separated by polyester film, telephone paper, 6520 composite paper, etc., and the interlayer can be isolated by yellow wax cloth or imine film. 4, impregnated material transformer winding, but also a process, is impregnated insulation paint, it can enhance the mechanical strength of the transformer, improve insulation performance, extend the service life, under normal circumstances, can use cresol varnish as impregnated material or 1032 insulating paint, resin paint.
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